Jack Vanlightly @vanlightly
Likes breaking ideas and systems, writing, picking systems apart @confluentinc Ex @Splunk, @VMware https://t.co/voJWmL5iBE Credit: ESO/B. Tafreshi jack-vanlightly.com Barcelona, Spain Joined November 2016-
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Yeah we just wrote a paper (LogDrive) about some of the internals of K2. Oh wait, this is another K2...
Cloudflare is working on K2, a durable event-stream primitive. It's a named, append-style log of "records" you produce to and consume from, with a configurable retention window, writable from a Worker binding or over HTTP. Basically Cloudflare Kafka.
My TLA+ spec for Cursor's Continuity is done. github.com/Vanlightly/s3-… Next I will evaluate Tobias Lütke's walgit to see if it makes any interesting changes to the design.
Well the "similar to Buffer" was really only the wal index (aka manifest) the rest is quite different.
I'm looking at Cursor's Continuity blog post (cursor.com/blog/git-at-an…). It seems very similar to OpenData Buffer, with compaction added on. Though the packfiles also look like they're numbered? Though that seems unnecessary as the reference file determines the ordering. Are there any more details than the blog post? I think I'll take my Buffer spec and add compaction (WAL GC) to it.
This spec completely abstracts away the realities of git and its storage format. It simply models a sequence of values (representing commits) and ensures that all replicas see and apply the same sequence of values, which also are consistent with the pushes and fetches of each client. In that simplified model, everything is looking good so far.
Just putting finishing touches in the Continuity spec. I implemented a simplified compaction via snapshotting the repo and updating the wal index with the snapshot id (which represents the position of the snapshot in history and the compaction frontier). I've mostly left out GC of packfiles (it uses some magic to determine which can be deleted), as Cursor's blog post doesn't cover that. I'll look at walgit next as that is an implementation inspired by the Cursor blog post.
Continuity compaction is very hand-wavy in the blog post. Only the primary does it, but at the same time, it's a soft "primary", more like multi-master with soft affinity. There is a compaction frontier. Adjacent pack files get merged. That's about it. I'll just have to figure something out.
I made good progress on the Cursor Continuity TLA+ spec. Reads and writes done. Next compaction. The visualizations in Cursor's blog post are helpful, but it's still not quite enough to fully describe the protocol. For example, as far as I can figure, a rebase is not only needed after a write conflict. Two replicas can write their pack file concurrently but then update the WAL index serially (without a CAS conflict): 1. r1 writes pack file p1 2. r2 writes pack file p2 3. r1 reads the wal index 4. r1 appends p1 to the index, CAS writes it and commits locally 5. r2 reads the wal index 6. r2 see's that a new entry was added and must now rebase 7. r2 appends p2 to the wal index, CAS writes it and commits locally Ultimately, very similar to OSWALD which is also multi-writer. If a replica sees that it is behind, it must catch up before appending its own op.
Thinking about it, only compaction would trim the reference file, so we don't need numbered packfiles. Finding orphan packfiles is a separate concern, which for now I won't tackle. So I'll reuse the write path of the Buffer spec but the rest will be different.
Hmmm, numbering the packfiles may help with GC as one of the problems with Buffer is knowing when an object can be deleted. How does a GC tell the difference between a newly updated object not yet added to the manifest and a previously commit object that was removed from the manifest? Buffer relies on time: it encodes a timestamp into the object ids and uses a deletion grace period. So not strictly safe as far as dist sys protocols go but probably fine given a large enough grace period.
The architecture description is not detailed enough to write a TLA+ spec of the protocol and S2 Lite defers the heavy lifting to SlateDB, so for the purposes of this survey, which is the explore WAL-on-S3 protocol designs, I can't include S2. Not saying S2 isn't a great system though!
@jeffreyhuber Ok, added to my list thanks
After a few days off I'm back on my project to survey WAL-on-S3 designs. This morning I finished a TLA+ spec of a variant of the SlateDB WAL protocol that uses a single CAS-write manifest file instead of numbered files protected by put-if-absent writes. After some coffee, I'll consider the next design on the list that I'll model. github.com/Vanlightly/s3-…
@lcm_in_ai Yep, modeled that already github.com/Vanlightly/s3-…
Looks like I can't write a spec for S2.dev as the code is closed source. There is s2-lite which is open and uses SlateDB, so I'm going to assess whether there's a serious protocol there or not.
Ok, S2 Lite delegates single-writer enforcement to SlateDB’s fenced WAL, so acknowledged appends should remain linearizable with competing Lite nodes. But Lite assumes a single node: nodes answer check-tail from cached state (so a stale node wouldn't discover it's fenced), which then impacts reads (stale tail can cause a node to say an address is Unwritten when it is actually Written). So Lite isn't linearizable under multi-node use. Any automation trying to keep one node running would need to be careful so that the worst case would be stale prefix reads (monotonic, prefix-consistent failover), which "can" be ok for streams. SlateDB does the heavy lifting and that's already modeled so I'm moving on.
SlateDB WAL protocol TLA+ spec: github.com/Vanlightly/s3-… Next I'm going to play with a CAS-write manifest version of it (instead of numbered manifests). Just because, I'm on extended vacation and I enjoy this stuff 😄
It finished after 8h 32min, 3.3 trillion states, all properties held. Tomorrow I'll publish the spec. I might also explore a variant of the protocol without numbered manifests (for those that don't need that).
Finally doing a long TLC run of the SlateDB spec. 3 writers, 2 gc processes, and just 3 values to write. So far TLC has been running for 6 hours with 16 workers, queue size peaked at 140M, explored 2.7 trillion unique states so far, with 90M on the queue still, probably another 3-6 hours to go. Then just gotta clean up the spec and decide which WAL-on-S3 to verify next.
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